The sales pattern of analgesics for pain management in community pharmacies within uyo metropolis

Abstract

Analgesics are among the most commonly used medications worldwide, often obtained from community pharmacies without prescriptions. Understanding usage patterns is essential to promote rational use and prevent misuse. This study aimed to examine the patterns of analgesic use among consumers and pharmacists in community pharmacies, focusing on types of analgesics purchased, consumer preferences, influencing factors, and pharmacists' roles in guiding use. A cross-sectional survey was conducted across selected community pharmacies. Data were obtained from 200 pharmacists and 500 consumers using structured questionnaires. Variables collected included demographic characteristics, types of analgesics sold or used, frequency of use, and factors influencing purchase decisions. The majority of consumers (65%) were aged 20–40 years, with females slightly predominating (54%). Paracetamol was the most commonly used analgesic (43%), followed by ibuprofen (15%) and diclofenac (12%). OTC analgesics accounted for 75% of sales, with 65% of consumers practicing self-medication. Cost, accessibility, advertising, and brand reputation were key drivers of consumer choice. Pharmacists reported a high level of engagement in counseling, with 85% routinely advising customers on appropriate analgesic use. Seasonal trends indicated increased purchases during the rainy season, and age-based differences in analgesic preference were observed. Analgesic use in community pharmacies is widespread, primarily driven by self-medication and influenced by socioeconomic and promotional factors. Paracetamol remains the preferred choice due to its affordability and availability. Strengthening pharmacist-led education and implementing stricter regulatory controls could improve analgesic use and minimize associated health risks.