Pharmacists disposition to participating in professional development (PD) and skill-up programs in Southern-Nigeria: attitudes, motivations, and barriers

Abstract

This study investigates the disposition of pharmacists in Southern Nigeria toward skill-up training post-graduation, focusing on their attitudes, motivations, and barriers to participating in continuing professional development (PD) programs. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining a structured questionnaire survey and in-depth interviews. The survey was administered to 300 pharmacists practicing in Southern Nigeria, and 30 in-depth interviews were conducted with selected participants. Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis were used to analyze the data. The results indicate that a majority of pharmacists (70%) participated in PD activities in the past year, with workshops being the most frequently attended type of training. Motivational factors included the desire to enhance professional knowledge (68%), regulatory requirements (55%), career advancement (45%), and networking opportunities (35%). However, significant barriers to PD participation were identified, including time constraints (72%), cost (56%), lack of relevant programs (48%), and insufficient institutional support (42%). Participants also highlighted the need for more practical and relevant PD programs tailored to different pharmacy practice settings. The study concludes that while there is a generally positive disposition towards PD, the barriers identified must be addressed to increase participation. Recommendations include improving institutional support, offering more affordable and tailored programs, and leveraging technology to increase accessibility. These findings provide valuable insights for policy makers, regulatory bodies, and professional associations in improving PD programs and promoting continuous professional development among pharmacists in Southern Nigeria.